Raw Material Costs: 

The primary raw material used in graphite electrode production is needle coke, a specialized form of petroleum coke. Fluctuations in needle coke prices, which are influenced by supply and demand, can significantly impact the overall cost of graphite electrodes.

Energy and Production Costs: 

The energy-intensive nature of graphite electrode manufacturing, coupled with the costs of labor and equipment maintenance, contributes to the final price tag. Additionally, environmental regulations and compliance measures can affect production costs.

Market Demand and Competition: 

Supply and demand dynamics play a crucial role in determining prices. When demand outpaces supply, prices tend to rise. Conversely, increased competition among manufacturers can drive prices down.